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The largest longitudinal study of psilocybin microdosing just revealed something unexpected.
Mental health improved across everyone—younger and older alike. Depression dropped. Anxiety decreased. Mood lifted.
That was expected.
But motor function? That only improved in one group.
Adults 55 and older.
And only when they combined three specific compounds: psilocybin, Lion’s Mane mycelium, and niacin.
Co-authored by mycologist Paul Stamets, this 2022 research published in Scientific Reports is the first to show age-dependent benefits from combining mushroom compounds. The study tracked 953 microdosers and 180 non-microdosers for 30 days, revealing a pattern that challenges how we think about interventions for aging brains.
This article explores what they found, why it might work, and what it means for the future of healthy aging research.
Who is Paul Stamets?
Paul Stamets isn’t just a supplement entrepreneur. He’s a mycologist with over four decades of research, a published scientist, and one of the world’s leading advocates for the medicinal potential of mushrooms.
You might know him from Netflix’s Fantastic Fungi or his appearances on the Joe Rogan podcast. But Stamets’ credentials run deeper than his public profile. He founded Fungi Perfecti in 1980 and has spent his career studying mycelium—the root-like network of mushrooms that he believes holds greater medicinal potential than the fruiting bodies most supplements use.
His “Stamets Stack” became the most popular microdosing protocol in the world, not through marketing, but through grassroots adoption in microdosing communities. The combination is specific: psilocybin, Lion’s Mane mycelium, and niacin (vitamin B3).
The rationale behind his stack:
Psilocybin promotes neuroplasticity through 5-HT2A serotonin receptor activation. It helps the brain form new connections.
Lion’s Mane mycelium stimulates nerve growth factor (NGF), supporting the physical growth and maintenance of neurons.
Niacin causes vasodilation—the “flushing” effect that widens blood vessels. Stamets theorized this would enhance bioavailability, driving the other compounds across the blood-brain barrier more effectively.
Three compounds. Three mechanisms. Potential synergy.
But this wasn’t just theory. Stamets co-authored both the 2021 baseline study (8,703 participants from 84 countries) and the 2022 longitudinal follow-up we’re discussing today. He wasn’t lending his name—he was actively involved in the research design.
Historical context matters here. The Aztecs combined psilocybin mushrooms with cacao in a preparation called “cacahua-xochitl.” Ancient wisdom recognized that combining compounds could produce different effects than single ingredients. Stamets modernized this approach with scientific specificity.
The question his research asked: Does the combination actually work better than psilocybin alone? And if so, for whom?
The Lion’s Mane Foundation: A Pattern Emerges
If you read my earlier emails about Lion’s Mane, you already know this mushroom has a track record with aging brains.
The Mori Study (2009): Japanese researchers gave Lion’s Mane to 50-80 year olds with mild cognitive impairment for 16 weeks. Cognitive function improved significantly compared to placebo. The benefits disappeared when they stopped taking it.
This wasn’t a fringe study. It was published in Phytotherapy Research and remains one of the strongest human trials on Lion’s Mane.
The Mechanism Study (2023): More recently, researchers at the University of Queensland identified how Lion’s Mane works. A compound called hericene A promotes neurotrophic activity—essentially telling brain cells to grow new connections. The study, published in the Journal of Neurochemistry, showed Lion’s Mane enhances neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons.
This matters because it explains WHY the Mori study worked. It’s not placebo. It’s measurable biological activity.
The pattern: Lion’s Mane alone shows cognitive benefits in older adults (50-80 age range). The mechanism involves nerve growth and brain connections. Now we’re seeing it as part of Stamets’ three-compound combination, and once again, the benefits appear specifically in older adults.
A critical distinction: Stamets emphasizes mycelium over fruiting body. Animal studies suggest they contain different compounds and may produce different effects. Some research indicates mycelium promotes brain function while fruiting body extract may inhibit it. This becomes a limitation later—the study didn’t track which form participants used.
With Lion’s Mane’s solo potential established, Stamets asked the next logical question: What happens when you combine it with psilocybin and niacin? Could synergistic effects produce outcomes beyond any single compound?
The 2022 study set out to answer that question.
The Study Design: How They Tested It
Published: Scientific Reports (part of the Nature portfolio), 2022
Full title: “Psilocybin microdosers demonstrate greater observed improvements in mood and mental health at one month relative to non-microdosing controls”
Sample: 953 microdosers, 180 non-microdosers
Duration: Approximately 30 days of tracking
Method: Mobile app-based observational study
This was not a controlled clinical trial. It was an observational study, which means researchers didn’t give anyone psilocybin. They watched people who were already microdosing and compared them to people who weren’t.
Why this methodology?
Advantages: Real-world conditions. Large, diverse sample. Geographic spread (though predominantly North American). Anonymous participation via app reduced reporting bias.
Limitations: No randomization. Self-selected participants (microdosers chose to microdose). Can’t prove causation, only association. Placebo effects can’t be ruled out.
What they measured:
Mental health: Depression (PHQ-9 scale), Anxiety (GAD-7 scale), Stress (Perceived Stress Scale)
Psychomotor performance: Finger tap test
Mood: Daily tracking via app
Demographics: Age, gender, mental health status at baseline
The finger tap test deserves explanation. It sounds simple, but it’s a validated neurological measure. Participants tap two circles on their phone screen in an alternating pattern for 10 seconds. The test measures motor speed, coordination, and response time—all markers of how well the brain and body communicate.
This test appears in Parkinson’s research and aging studies because motor function often declines before cognitive function. Your hands slow down 5-10 years before memory problems appear. It’s an early warning system.
The novel aspect: Stacking analysis
Previous microdosing research treated all microdosers as one group. This study broke them into three subgroups:
- Psilocybin only (n=385, 40.4%)
- Psilocybin + Lion’s Mane (n=304, 31.9%)
- Psilocybin + Lion’s Mane + Niacin (n=264, 27.7%) — The full Stamets Stack
This was the first research to examine whether combining compounds produces different outcomes than single compounds.
The researchers also stratified by age: under 55 versus 55 and older. This age cutoff was somewhat arbitrary, but it revealed the most striking finding of the study.
The Results: What They Found
Let’s start with the mental health findings, because they were consistent and significant.
Depression scores:
- Microdosers: 13.05 → 8.18 (37% reduction)
- Controls: 13.08 → 11.9 (9% reduction)
That moved microdosers from the “moderate depression” category into “mild depression.” Clinically meaningful.
Anxiety scores:
- Microdosers: 7.89 → 5.60 (29% reduction)
- Controls: 7.76 → 7.83 (essentially flat)
Stress scores:
- Microdosers: 15.75 → 11.04 (30% reduction)
- Controls: 15.29 → 13.39 (12% reduction)
Positive mood:
- Microdosers: 55% → 68% (23% increase)
- Controls: 55% → 58% (5% increase)
These mental health benefits appeared across gender, age groups, baseline mental health status, and stacking conditions. Whether you took psilocybin alone or combined it with Lion’s Mane and niacin, your mood improved similarly.
Now the psychomotor findings—where things get interesting.
Overall, microdosers showed improvement in finger tap performance compared to controls. Statistical significance: F(1, 886) = 9.09, p = 0.003. But this masked an important pattern.
When researchers examined the stacking groups:
- Psilocybin alone vs. Psilocybin + Lion’s Mane: No significant difference
- Psilocybin alone vs. Full Stack (P + LM + Niacin): Significant interaction (F=3.93, p<0.05)
Translation: Adding Lion’s Mane alone didn’t change outcomes. But adding both Lion’s Mane and niacin did.
Then came the age analysis.
Three-way interaction (stacking × age × time): F(1, 886) = 8.4, p = 0.004
This statistical finding revealed that the stacking effect was entirely driven by the 55+ age group.
Breaking it down by age:
Under 55: No differences across any stacking condition. Psilocybin alone, psilocybin + Lion’s Mane, and the full stack all produced similar modest improvements in motor performance.
55 and older:
- Psilocybin only: Modest improvement
- Psilocybin + Lion’s Mane: Similar to psilocybin only
- Psilocybin + Lion’s Mane + Niacin: Significantly greater improvement
The effect size in the 55+ group for the full stack was medium (estimated Cohen’s d ≈ 0.5-0.6), meaning this wasn’t a trivial difference.
What this means: All three compounds were necessary. And it only worked for older adults.
This is the first research showing that combining mushroom compounds produces age-dependent outcomes. That’s the breakthrough: not that microdosing improves mood (we knew that), but that specific combinations produce specific benefits in specific age groups.
The Mechanisms: How It Might Work
Why would combining psilocybin, Lion’s Mane, and niacin improve motor function specifically in older adults?
We don’t know for certain. The study measured outcomes, not mechanisms. But we can build informed hypotheses based on what we know about each compound.
Psilocybin’s Role
In the body, psilocybin converts to psilocin, which acts as a 5-HT2A serotonin receptor agonist. This promotes neuroplasticity—the brain’s ability to reorganize and form new connections.
Microdoses (0.1-0.3g dried mushrooms) are sub-perceptual. No hallucinations. But the neuroplastic effects remain.
Research shows psilocybin increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein crucial for neuron survival and growth. It also affects the default mode network (DMN), the brain’s “autopilot” system. Disrupting rigid DMN patterns may allow new motor patterns to form.
Why motor function specifically? The serotonergic system influences motor control. Serotonin receptors are dense in the basal ganglia and motor cortex—areas governing movement. Psilocybin’s effects on these regions could explain motor improvements.
Lion’s Mane Mycelium’s Role
Lion’s Mane promotes nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis. Two classes of compounds—hericenones and erinacines—appear responsible. Erinacines, found primarily in mycelium, can cross the blood-brain barrier.
The 2023 study identified hericene A as particularly active. It stimulates neurite outgrowth—the physical process of neurons extending branches to connect with other neurons.
Lion’s Mane also stimulates myelination, the insulation around nerve fibers that speeds signal transmission. Myelin degrades with age. Motor function depends heavily on intact myelin.
Additionally, Lion’s Mane may enhance BDNF expression, creating potential synergy with psilocybin’s BDNF effects.
Important: The mycelium versus fruiting body distinction matters. Animal studies suggest opposite effects on cognition. Stamets uses mycelium in his products because of its erinacine content. But the study didn’t track which form participants used—a significant limitation.
Niacin’s Role
Niacin (nicotinic acid, vitamin B3) causes vasodilation. Blood vessels widen. This creates the characteristic “niacin flush”—red, warm skin.
Stamets’ hypothesis: This flush enhances bioavailability. Increased blood flow may deliver more psilocin and Lion’s Mane compounds to the brain. Widened blood vessels might facilitate crossing the blood-brain barrier.
Niacin also acts as a PPAR agonist (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor), involved in metabolic regulation and potentially neuroprotection.
Doses in the study likely ranged from 50-100mg, enough to cause flushing but well within safety limits.
Potential Synergistic Mechanisms
Theory 1: Complementary Neuroplasticity Pathways
Psilocybin creates neuroplastic potential through serotonergic mechanisms. Lion’s Mane provides neurotrophic support—the building blocks and signals for growth. Combined, they may enable more robust reorganization than either alone.
Analogy: Psilocybin loosens old patterns, Lion’s Mane provides the materials and instructions for building new ones.
Theory 2: Enhanced Delivery
Niacin’s vasodilation increases cerebral blood flow. This may increase the concentration of psilocin and Lion’s Mane compounds reaching brain tissue.
Timing matters. Stamets recommends taking all three together to capitalize on the niacin flush window.
Theory 3: Myelin Support + Neural Activity
Aging brains lose myelin integrity. Motor function, which depends on fast, precise signaling, suffers first.
Psilocybin increases neural activity and connectivity. Lion’s Mane supports myelin maintenance. Together, they may address both the signaling and structural aspects of motor decline.
Why Age-Specific? Four Hypotheses
Hypothesis 1: Baseline Decline (Floor Effect)
Adults 55+ have measurable motor decline. More room for improvement. Younger adults perform near their ceiling—little room to improve further.
Hypothesis 2: Age-Related Receptor Changes
Serotonin receptor density changes with age. Neurotrophic factor responsiveness shifts. Older brains may be more sensitive to interventions targeting these pathways.
It’s possible that aging creates a biological context where these compounds work synergistically in ways they don’t in younger tissue.
Hypothesis 3: Repair vs. Prevention
The stack may be repairing accumulated damage (55+ group) rather than preventing future damage (younger adults). Different therapeutic windows for different life stages.
Hypothesis 4: Myelin Degeneration Timing
Myelin degradation accelerates after age 50. The combination of myelin support (Lion’s Mane) plus neuroplasticity (psilocybin) may address an age-specific deficit that doesn’t exist yet in younger adults.
The honest assessment:
These are hypotheses. Educated guesses based on known mechanisms. The study can’t tell us which, if any, is correct.
We need age-stratified, placebo-controlled trials with biomarker measures (NGF, BDNF, myelin markers), imaging studies (fMRI, DTI for myelin integrity), and longer follow-up to test these theories.
The Limitations: What We Don’t Know
No study is perfect. This one, despite its strengths, has significant limitations.
Methodological Limitations
1. Observational Design
Participants weren’t randomly assigned to microdose or not. They chose. This creates selection bias—microdosers may differ from non-microdosers in unmeasured ways (motivation, health consciousness, lifestyle factors).
Without randomization, we can show association, not causation. We can’t definitively say the stack caused the improvement.
Placebo effects can’t be ruled out. The Stamets Stack is famous in microdosing communities. Expectations matter, especially for outcomes that require effort (like tapping faster).
2. Sample Size Issues
The overall sample (953 microdosers) is large. But once you break it into three stacking groups and then stratify by age, the groups get smaller.
The 55+ full stack group likely contained 50-70 participants. That’s enough to detect medium effects but underpowered for small effects or subgroup analyses.
3. Self-Reported Practices
No verification of what participants actually took:
- Psilocybin dose: Self-reported, likely varied (0.05g to 0.5g+)
- Frequency: Self-reported, ranged from once weekly to daily
- Lion’s Mane type: Unknown (mycelium vs. fruiting body)
- Lion’s Mane dose: Unknown (could be 300mg to 3000mg)
- Niacin dose: Unknown (50mg to 500mg possible)
- Timing: Unknown (together or separately?)
This variability muddies interpretation. The “full stack” group was heterogeneous.
4. Short Duration
Only 30 days of follow-up. No data on:
- Long-term effects (6 months, 1 year)
- Whether benefits persist after stopping
- Whether effects plateau or continue improving
- Whether tolerance develops
For context, the Lion’s Mane Mori study ran 16 weeks and found benefits disappeared after cessation. We don’t know if that’s true here.
5. No Dose-Response Analysis
The study didn’t compare different doses. We can’t determine optimal dosing. Is more better? Is there a threshold? Unknown.
Interpretive Limitations
1. Mechanism Uncertainty
The study didn’t measure NGF, BDNF, serotonin receptors, myelin markers, or any biological mechanism. We’re inferring mechanisms from other research.
Correlation doesn’t prove mechanism.
2. Generalizability Questions
The sample was predominantly white, educated, North American, and self-selected microdosing enthusiasts. This isn’t representative of the general population.
Would results replicate in:
- Different ethnic groups?
- Lower socioeconomic status populations?
- Non-English speakers?
- Clinical populations (Parkinson’s, MCI)?
- People who aren’t interested in microdosing?
Unknown.
3. The Age Cutoff Question
Why 55? It’s an arbitrary analytical choice. Is a 54-year-old fundamentally different from a 56-year-old? No.
Would effects appear at 50? 45? 60? We need continuous age analysis, not binary cutoffs.
The cutoff may reflect when motor decline becomes measurable in most people, but it’s not a biological boundary.
4. Type of Lion’s Mane (Critical Gap)
This may be the most important limitation.
Mycelium and fruiting body contain different compounds. Research suggests opposite effects on brain function. Stamets uses mycelium. But study participants may have used anything from hardware store capsules (likely fruiting body) to high-quality mycelium extracts.
If half the “full stack” group used fruiting body, that could dilute results or create noise in the data.
5. Expectation Effects
The Stamets Stack is famous. Participants likely had expectations. For motor performance—which requires effort and can be influenced by motivation—expectations matter.
A placebo-controlled trial is essential to separate specific effects from expectation.
Legal & Safety Considerations
Psilocybin is Schedule I in the US and illegal in most countries, including Ireland. This research doesn’t change that.
The safety profile in studies is generally good, but:
- Contraindications exist (certain medications, cardiovascular conditions, psychotic disorders)
- Long-term safety unknown
- Quality control in illegal markets is absent
- Individual responses vary
This research is not endorsement.
What This Study Can’t Tell Us:
❌ That you should microdose
❌ The optimal protocol
❌ Long-term effects (benefits or risks)
❌ That it’s better than other interventions (exercise, physical therapy)
❌ That it works for everyone
What It Can Tell Us:
✅ Age may moderate effects of psychedelic microdosing
✅ Combining compounds may produce different effects than single compounds
✅ Aging brains may respond differently to interventions
✅ This is worth investigating further in controlled trials
✅ Motor function is a measurable outcome in microdosing research
Clinical Significance: Why Motor Function Matters
Why focus on motor performance? Isn’t that less important than memory or mood?
Actually, motor decline is a critical marker of brain health.
Motor Decline as Early Warning
Motor symptoms often precede cognitive symptoms by 5-10 years. In Parkinson’s disease, motor symptoms are the defining feature—tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement).
But even in Alzheimer’s disease, motor deficits are detectable years before diagnosis. People with mild cognitive impairment who also show motor decline are much more likely to progress to dementia.
Motor function serves as a window into brain health.
What Finger Tap Performance Measures
The test isn’t just about tapping fast. It measures:
- Motor speed (basal ganglia function)
- Fine motor coordination (cerebellum and motor cortex)
- Response time (processing speed)
- Motor-cognitive integration (how well different brain regions communicate)
Decline in these measures predicts:
- Fall risk
- Loss of independence
- Progression to more severe neurodegeneration
Real-World Relevance
We’re not talking about esoteric lab measures. We’re talking about:
- Buttoning a shirt
- Using utensils
- Typing and texting
- Driving reaction time
- Playing a musical instrument
- Opening jars
- Writing legibly
These are activities of daily living. When they decline, quality of life suffers.
Current Interventions Are Limited
Exercise is the most evidence-based intervention for maintaining motor function. Physical therapy can slow decline. But pharmacological options are limited.
Parkinson’s medications (levodopa) help but don’t stop progression. Deep brain stimulation works but is invasive. For age-related motor decline without a specific diagnosis, we have even fewer options.
Why This Finding Matters
If replicable in controlled trials, the Stamets Stack could offer a non-pharmacological intervention for motor aging.
Lion’s Mane is legal. Niacin is over-the-counter. The combination is relatively safe (psilocybin legality aside).
More importantly, this research identifies a potential intervention window: 55+, before severe decline, when motor changes are subtle but measurable.
Early intervention is always preferable to late-stage treatment.
The Caution
One 30-day observational study is not sufficient to recommend clinical use. But it justifies further research.
Large, placebo-controlled trials in 55+ adults with objective motor measures are warranted. If those trials replicate these findings, we’d have a meaningful addition to the healthy aging toolkit.
The Broader Context: A Pattern in Mushroom Research
This study doesn’t exist in isolation. It’s part of an emerging pattern.
Multiple mushroom species are showing benefits specifically for aging brains:
Lion’s Mane: Cognitive improvement in 50-80 year olds (Mori 2009). Mechanism identified—hericene A promotes neurogenesis (Martínez-Mármol 2023).
Psilocybin: Depression treatment in adults, particularly end-of-life anxiety in older adults with terminal illness (multiple studies). The Johns Hopkins psilocybin research program has shown robust effects in older populations.
Reishi: Neuroprotective effects in preclinical models. Anti-inflammatory properties that may benefit aging brains.
Cordyceps: Improved energy and oxygen utilization (relevant for brain metabolism).
The Age Question
Why do aging brains respond to mushroom compounds?
Age-related changes may create a therapeutic window:
- Neuroplasticity decreases with age
- Chronic inflammation increases
- Neurotrophic factors (NGF, BDNF) decline
- Myelin integrity degrades
- Mitochondrial function declines
Mushroom compounds may address multiple pathways simultaneously. They’re not single-target pharmaceuticals—they’re complex natural compounds with multiple mechanisms.
The Combination Question
Traditional medicine systems—Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ayurveda—often use combinations. Single-compound Western medicine is the historical outlier.
The Stamets Stack represents a modern application of ancient wisdom: combining compounds with complementary mechanisms.
This study is the first to test combination effects scientifically in the microdosing context. The age-specific finding suggests combinations may be particularly important for older adults.
Where Research Is Headed
Future studies should examine:
- Age-stratified trials (40s vs. 50s vs. 60s vs. 70s)
- Biomarker studies (measure NGF, BDNF, inflammatory markers, myelin)
- Imaging studies (fMRI to see connectivity, DTI for myelin integrity)
- Longer duration (6 months, 12 months)
- Different combinations (other mushrooms, other compounds)
- Clinical populations (people with MCI, Parkinson’s, healthy aging cohorts)
- Optimal dosing and timing
The Stamets Stack opened a door. Now we need to walk through it systematically.
What Comes Next: The Future of This Research
Science doesn’t move in leaps. It moves in steps.
This study was one step. A significant one, but preliminary.
What We Need Next
1. Placebo-Controlled Trials
Randomize adults 55+ to receive:
- Placebo
- Psilocybin only
- Psilocybin + Lion’s Mane
- Full Stack (P + LM + Niacin)
Standardized doses. Verified compounds (mycelium, not fruiting body). Double-blind design. Measure outcomes at baseline, 30 days, 60 days, 6 months.
Include biomarkers and imaging.
2. Mechanism Studies
What’s actually happening in the brain? Measure:
- NGF and BDNF levels in blood or cerebrospinal fluid
- Inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, cytokines)
- Myelin integrity via DTI imaging
- Functional connectivity via fMRI
- Motor cortex activation patterns
Correlation between biomarkers and motor improvement would help confirm mechanisms.
3. Age Spectrum Analysis
Don’t just compare under-55 to 55+. Test across decades:
- 40-49
- 50-59
- 60-69
- 70-79
Is there a linear relationship between age and response? A threshold? Multiple windows?
4. Longer Follow-Up
30 days isn’t enough. We need:
- 6-month outcomes (do benefits persist or plateau?)
- 12-month outcomes (long-term effects)
- Washout periods (what happens when you stop?)
- Optimal dosing schedules (daily, intermittent, cycling?)
5. Clinical Populations
Test in people with:
- Mild cognitive impairment
- Early Parkinson’s disease
- Age-related motor decline without diagnosis
- Post-stroke recovery (motor rehabilitation)
Different populations may respond differently.
The Bigger Question
Are there optimal windows in lifespan for specific interventions?
Do aging brains require different approaches than young brains?
This study suggests yes. But one study isn’t enough.
If replicated, this research implies we should think about interventions by life stage, not one-size-fits-all.
For Readers Today
While we wait for more research:
Lion’s Mane mycelium is legal and available. The evidence for cognitive benefits in older adults exists (Mori 2009). Quality matters—look for ultrasonic or hot water extraction of mycelium, standardized for erinacines.
Niacin is legal and over-the-counter. Safe at recommended doses (50-100mg). The flush is harmless but uncomfortable. Time-release formulations avoid flushing but may not provide the same vasodilation effect Stamets hypothesized.
Psilocybin is illegal in most places. Research is not endorsement. If laws change and clinical protocols emerge, that’s different. But today, this is education about peer-reviewed science, not instruction.
The combined approach may offer benefits beyond single compounds. But we need better research before recommending clinical use.
Early intervention—50s and 60s—may be the key window. Before severe decline. When subtle changes first appear.
Dr. Hemp Me’s Perspective
This research informs how we think about our Lion’s Mane products.
We use ultrasonic-extracted mycelium—the same form Stamets advocates for, the form that appears in the neurogenesis research, the form richest in erinacines that cross the blood-brain barrier.
We’re following the science, not the marketing.
Most Lion’s Mane supplements use fruiting body because it’s cheaper. We use mycelium because the evidence points to it mattering for brain health. This study reinforces that choice—mycelium is what Stamets uses in his stack.
We can’t sell psilocybin (it’s illegal). We don’t need to. Lion’s Mane alone shows benefits. But understanding the full picture—including combination research—helps us make better products.
The Bottom Line
Paul Stamets co-authored research showing his signature three-mushroom stack produces age-dependent benefits. Motor function improved in adults 55+. Mental health improved across all ages. The combination mattered for motor outcomes. Age mattered profoundly.
This doesn’t prove the stack is the solution to brain aging. But it proves it’s worth investigating seriously.
For those of us interested in healthy aging, that matters.
I’ll keep following this research. When new studies emerge—and they will—I’ll share them.
That’s the commitment: evidence-based education, rigorous analysis, honest limitations, no hype.
Stay subscribed for updates.
References:
Rootman, J.M., Kiraga, M., Kryskow, P., et al. (2022). Psilocybin microdosers demonstrate greater observed improvements in mood and mental health at one month relative to non-microdosing controls. Scientific Reports, 12, 11091.
Mori, K., et al. (2009). Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment. Phytotherapy Research, 23(3), 367-372.
Martínez-Mármol, R., et al. (2023). Hericene derivatives activates a pan-neurotrophic pathway in central hippocampal neurons converging to ERK1/2 signaling enhancing spatial memory. Journal of Neurochemistry, 165(6), 842-861.
